Puget Sound Institute senior writer Christopher Dunagan discusses the challenges of protecting Puget Sound and all things water-related. As the very first environmental reporter for the Kitsap Sun, he has been a respected voice in the region for more than 25 years. He has been covering science-related stories for the Puget Sound Institute since 2015.
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What may be the nation’s largest estuary seems hidden in plain sight for many people (9/30/2023) - What is the largest estuary in the United States? This is a question loaded with confusion and open to interpretation, as you will soon see. Before we get to the likely answer — which may surprise you — let me share a few authoritative views on the subject: Chesapeake Bay Foundation: “Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and the third largest in the world. It is about 200 miles long and holds more than 18 trillion gallons of water.” U.S. Rep. Derek Kilmer of Washington state: […]
Warm ocean waters work their way into Puget Sound (9/25/2023) - Unusually warm waters in the Pacific Ocean — now pushing up against the Washington coast — are keeping oceanographers on alert for changes that could reverberate through the food web, potentially affecting fish, birds and marine mammals in coastal waters and in Puget Sound. Rising ocean temperatures may be related to recent sightings of warm-water fish not usually seen in the Northwest, including a bluefin tuna that washed up on Orcas Island and large schools of mackeral observed in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Worrisome levels of domoic acid, […]
Two new baby orcas with no deaths over the past year could make for a remarkable census (8/4/2023) - This year’s census for the Southern Resident killer whales apparently will document two new calves but no deaths for the 12-month period ending July 1. According to my unconfirmed records, this will be the first time in nearly 30 years that no deaths will be reported in the annual census update. Consequently, the overall population for the three orca pods rises from 73 in 2022 to 75 in 2023. These numbers won’t be official until the Center for Whale Research submits its annual report to the federal government sometime before […]
Salish Sea Model tracks pollution, currents and climate change (7/13/2023) - This article is the latest in a series about computer models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. Today, we look at the Salish Sea Model, one of several models in the region helping to predict water circulation, water quality and food-web relationships. Read the full series: Where and how the water moves The waters of Puget Sound contain complex chemical mixtures arising from natural and human sources. The waters are blended and pushed around by currents and other physical forces, creating conditions that vary from place to place. […]
Prey and predators create varying life-or-death conditions for salmon, as shown with Atlantis model (6/28/2023) - This article is the latest in a series about computer models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. As scientists uncover more and more information about a particular ecosystem, computer modelers are often eager to put that raw data to good use in complex models tuned to local conditions. One highly acclaimed model, called Atlantis, has been applied to more than 40 ecosystems around the world. In Puget Sound, Atlantis has been used to study the food web to determine whether salmon are more threatened by predators or by […]
Southeast Alaska troll fishing restored for this year by court of appeals pending full legal review (6/23/2023) - Fishing in Southeast Alaska by the commercial troll-fishing fleet will not be cancelled this year, as ordered by a Seattle judge, thanks to a last-minute ruling by the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Considerations for the economic damage that would be caused by shutting down the Alaskan fishery outweigh the “speculative environmental threats” that led the lower court to effectively close the fishery, according to the appeals court order. The heart of the legal battle — how fishing for Chinook salmon affects the endangered Southern Resident orcas — remains […]
Quantitative models, including Ecopath, take food web studies to a higher level of analysis (6/15/2023) - As part of a project exploring the technical uncertainties surrounding Puget Sound water quality, we are reviewing how computer models are used to advance our understanding of natural systems. This blog post is part of a series focused on different models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. The project is jointly sponsored by King County and the Puget Sound Institute. In the early 1980s, NOAA scientist Jeffrey Polovina and fellow researchers at the National Marine Fisheries Service in Hawaii developed what they called the Ecopath model, designed to describe […]
Health of killer whales examined through Bayesian network modeling and informed predictions (6/8/2023) - As part of a project exploring the technical uncertainties surrounding Puget Sound water quality, we are reviewing how computer models are used to advance our understanding of natural systems. This blog post is part of a series focused on different models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. The project is jointly sponsored by King County and the Puget Sound Institute. Qualitative network modeling, as shown in the previous post in Our Water Ways, is focused on actions that create either positive or negative results for actors in the model. […]
Researchers use a qualitative network model to test ways to boost production at shellfish farms (6/1/2023) - As part of a project exploring the technical uncertainties surrounding Puget Sound water quality, we are reviewing how computer models are used to advance our understanding of natural systems. This blog post is part of a series focused on different models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. The project is jointly sponsored by King County and the Puget Sound Institute. The skeletal beginnings of nearly all models is a conceptual understanding of the basic workings of the system being studied: Who are the important actors, and what are their […]
Before supercomputers, a structural model helped scientists predict currents in Puget Sound (5/25/2023) - As part of a project exploring the technical uncertainties surrounding Puget Sound water quality, we are reviewing how computer models are used to advance our understanding of natural systems. This blog post is part of a series focused on different models and their uses within the Puget Sound ecosystem. The project is jointly sponsored by King County and the Puget Sound Institute. One of the first working models of Puget Sound was a scaled-down concrete reproduction of the regional topography, with actual water running through channels, around islands and into bays, […] Shutdown looms for Alaska summer troll fishery; court order aims to provide more salmon for orcas (5/11/2023) - Southern Resident killer whales, which frequent Puget Sound, are expected to benefit from more Chinook salmon later this year, as expressed in a court order calling for the suspension of a major troll fishery in Southeast Alaska. Alaska state officials are dismayed by the ruling, saying that closing this commercial fishery would have a devastating effect on fishing families in Alaska and on many small communities along the coast. The state has launched an appeal of the ruling. The court order, signed last week by U.S. District Judge Richard Jones […]
Inbreeding hinders population recovery among endangered Southern Resident killer whales (3/20/2023) - While a scarcity of Chinook salmon and other environmental factors may be pushing the Southern Resident killer whales toward extinction, a new genetics study has revealed that inbreeding has been exerting a powerful, overriding influence upon the small, genetically isolated population. The weakened genetic condition of the Southern Resident orcas, which frequent Puget Sound, could help explain why their numbers have generally declined over the past 25 years, while other orca populations in Alaska and British Columbia have been growing at remarkable rates. Experts have long suspected that inbreeding could […]
Remembering Ken Balcomb and his extraordinary life with killer whales (1/3/2023) - I’m still adjusting to the world of killer whales without Ken Balcomb. Ken, who died Dec. 15 at age 82, was a constant presence throughout my career as an environmental reporter. His presence inspired many others among the so-called “killer whale community,” made of experts, observers and those who simply love and follow the stories of our beloved orcas. Ken, who I called the dean of killer whale research, founded the Center for Whale Research and established an amazing 46-year record of every birth and death among the Southern Resident […]
As winter approaches, salmon and orcas are still a commanding presence (12/10/2022) - With salmon and orcas still on the move and facing ever-changing weather conditions, I thought it might be time for a brief update to my blog post of Nov. 21. At the time of the last report, the Puget Sound region had gone through a 13-day dry spell, which followed a period of brief and limited precipitation. Low stream flows were making it tough for chum and coho salmon to go upstream when they should have been at their peak of spawning. Many unfortunate fish were dying before they could […]
Low rainfall leads to an odd and changing year for salmon, killer whales and people (11/21/2022) - It has been an interesting year for observing the behavior of Southern Resident killer whales, chum salmon and humans in the Puget Sound region. Weather played a significant role. Two weeks ago, all three pods of endangered orcas spent four days together in Puget Sound, something we have not seen in years. Chum salmon, which the whales feed upon in the fall, appeared to be on a stop-and-go migration schedule because of the unusual rainfall pattern. And, as always, the activities of people must be noted within this ecological context. […] Lawsuit seeks to block Southeast Alaska troll fishing to increase salmon for orcas (11/4/2022) - How much should Alaskan fishing be curtailed to provide more food for the endangered Southern Resident killer whales? It is an important question, enmeshed in conflicting federal priorities and provoked by a lawsuit brought by Wild Fish Conservancy, a Seattle-based conservation group. A federal court ruled in August that the National Marine Fisheries Service had violated the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act in its approval of salmon harvests in the Southeast Alaska troll fishery. That fishery harvests Chinook salmon originating from streams as far south as […]
Scientists dig into massive data collected during international high-seas expedition (10/14/2022) - Questions about where salmon go and how they survive when traveling far out into the Pacific Ocean have puzzled scientists for 200 years. But a new vision for piecing together this intricate puzzle has begun to emerge, thanks to sophisticated research tools deployed during an international expedition this past winter. Last week, scientists got together in Vancouver, British Columbia, to share their preliminary findings and to brainstorm the next steps in a collaborative effort to solve some of the great mysteries of Pacific salmon. Researchers from multiple countries provided wide-ranging […]
Killer whale census shows another down year, with three deaths and two births (9/27/2022) - Three deaths and two births. Over the past year, the endangered Southern Resident killer whale population has declined by a total of one, according to the annual census report submitted yesterday by the Center for Whale Research. Now the number of whales in all three pods stands at 73, down from 74 last year and declining from 98 animals the past 25 years. The births of J59 last February and K45 in May have been widely reported, along with the death of the much-loved K21, a 35-year-old male named Cappuccino. […]
Add-on structure will begin to address steelhead crisis at the Hood Canal Bridge (9/14/2022) - The Hood Canal Bridge, which connects the Kitsap and Olympic peninsulas, has proven to be a dangerous impediment to juvenile steelhead trout. As many as half of the young migratory steelhead in Hood Canal may get picked off by seals, birds and other predators as the fish try to pass under the floating highway, according to studies. While a permanent solution may be years away, the first step at reducing predation at the bridge may be just around the corner, as construction crews prepare to fabricate a floating structure that […]
New film about spring Chinook delves into history, culture and science in unique habitats (8/29/2022) - A new film, titled “The Lost Salmon,” opens with a video montage that takes us through some wondrous scenes: A wide aerial shot of California’s majestic Salmon River, moving to an underwater view of salmon swimming through the clear water and then to an action spectacle of wild salmon practically flying through the air to surmount a rushing cascades. The filmmaker, Shane Anderson of Olympia, merges passion, culture and science in this documentary that premieres tomorrow on public television. The project culminates years of investigation and filming, as Shane follows […]
New orca calf confirmed amid serious health concerns and actions to protect the whales (7/12/2022) - A surprise visit by K pod on Saturday near Vancouver Island led to the official confirmation of a new orca calf born into the Southern Resident killer whale community. The new calf, designated K45, is the second baby born to the Southern Residents this year, as recorded by the Center for Whale Research, which maintains the official census. For K pod, this is the first confirmed calf to be born since 2011. The youngster was first reported on April 28 by a fishing guide cruising off the Oregon Coast. The […]
Green crabs in Hood Canal raise questions about invasion; further response is coming (7/1/2022) - For the past six years, a volunteer crew has been diligently visiting Nick’s Lagoon near Seabeck on Hood Canal, checking the waters for the destructive European green crab. The three citizen scientists have caught and released lots of native crabs — including thousands of hairy shore crabs. But, until May of this year, they never saw even one invasive green crab, known for its potential disruption of shellfish beds and destruction of native habitat. The discovery of a green crab in Central Hood Canal was fairly shocking for those involved. […]
BPA toxicity debate approaches regulatory decisions at both state and federal levels (6/14/2022) - As Washington state authorities get ready to ban the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) from drink cans and customer sales receipts, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has agreed to take a fresh look at the potential dangers of BPA. Washington Department of Ecology has issued its “Regulatory Determinations to the Legislature,” which specifies that safer chemicals are available and could be banned from a dozen applications where toxic chemicals are widely used — from flame retardants in electronic equipment to stain-resistant compounds in carpets. Coming next are actual regulations to […]
New Puget Sound Action Agenda will include revised ‘targets’ to express recovery goals (5/9/2022) - UPDATE, TUESDAY, MAY 17 / WEDNESDAY, MAY 18 Environmental review has been completed for the draft 2022-2026 Puget Sound Action Agenda, and the Puget Sound Partnership announced a public comment period for the SEPA checklist (PDF 818 kb) and determination of nonsignificance (PDF 134 kb), as required by the State Environmental Policy Act. Comments will be taken until May 30, as described in the DNS. Also, the revised Vital Signs and their indicators are described by the Puget Sound Partnership in a May 18 news release. —– As the Puget […]
Governor’s renewed salmon strategy faces decisive period in the current Legislature (2/16/2022) - State legislation designed to enhance salmon habitat by requiring protective buffers along streams has been set aside pending further discussions over the coming year. Meanwhile, several other salmon-protection measures proposed by the governor could move forward with decisive funding from the Legislature. The buffer bill (HB 1838), named the Lorraine Loomis Act, would prohibit degradation of streamside habitat while encouraging restoration within prescribed “riparian management zones” on both public and private lands. Such requirements would apply to farmland, areas destined for development and even properties undergoing redevelopment. The bill is […]
North Pacific expedition gets underway aboard four ocean-going research ships (2/3/2022) - A North Pacific research expedition is underway, with projects said to be bigger, bolder and more scientifically sophisticated than cruises in 2019 and 2020. Four research vessels carrying more than 60 scientists from various countries will span out across the Pacific Ocean to increase their understanding of salmon — including migration, environmental stresses, availability of prey and risks from predators. Researchers aboard a U.S. ship operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration left from Port Angeles this morning. There has never been a research cruise as involved as this […]
Scientists look for answers in methane bubbles rising from bottom of Puget Sound (1/21/2022) - In 2011, sonar operators aboard the ocean-going Research Vessel Thomas G. Thompson inadvertently recorded a surprising natural phenomenon, as the 274-foot ship traversed through Puget Sound while returning to port at the University of Washington. At the time, researchers on board were focused on a host of other projects. They might not have known that the ship’s multi-beam sonar was even turned on. They certainly didn’t realize that the sonar was picking up images that would later be interpreted as multiple plumes of methane bubbles rising from the bottom of […]
Ecology, EPA now under the gun to adopt new water quality criteria for aquatic creatures (12/31/2021) - Long delays in updating state water-quality standards to protect orcas, fish and other aquatic species appear to have finally caught up with the Washington Department of Ecology and its federal counterpart, the Environmental Protection Agency. In a court ruling this week, U.S. District Judge Marsha Pechman of Seattle found that Ecology has “abdicated its duties” to update certain water-quality standards, as required by the federal Clean Water Act. Meanwhile, she said, EPA has failed to meet its legal oversight obligations to ensure that adequate water-quality standards are protective of aquatic […]
Understanding the cold-water needs of salmon and helping them to survive (12/20/2021) - Salmon need cold water. This general statement is something I’ve been hearing since I first began reporting on these amazing migrating fish years ago. Cold water is a fact of life for salmon, known for their long travels up and down streams, out to saltwater and back. But colder is not always better. Questions about why salmon need cold water and how their habitat might grow too warm or too cold led me into an in-depth reporting project. I ended up talking to some of the leading experts on the […]
Recovery of Puget Sound species could hinge on better understanding of ecosystems (11/19/2021) - A recent report from the Puget Sound Partnership helps us understand the difficulty of restoring the Puget Sound ecosystem. What caught my attention in the State of the Sound report was that after 20 years of protecting and restoring streams, wetlands, shorelines and estuaries, we have not increased overall fish and wildlife populations, and some remain in a downward spiral. (Our Water Ways, Nov. 3). Several reasons have been given for the disappointing findings, including ongoing habitat losses from an increasing human population in the Puget Sound region. Clearly, there […]Subscribe to blog posts
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Archive of past posts
September 2023
- What may be the nation’s largest estuary seems hidden in plain sight for many people
- Warm ocean waters work their way into Puget Sound
August 2023
July 2023
June 2023
- Prey and predators create varying life-or-death conditions for salmon, as shown with Atlantis model
- Southeast Alaska troll fishing restored for this year by court of appeals pending full legal review
- Quantitative models, including Ecopath, take food web studies to a higher level of analysis
- Health of killer whales examined through Bayesian network modeling and informed predictions
- Researchers use a qualitative network model to test ways to boost production at shellfish farms
May 2023
- Before supercomputers, a structural model helped scientists predict currents in Puget Sound
- Shutdown looms for Alaska summer troll fishery; court order aims to provide more salmon for orcas
March 2023
January 2023
December 2022
November 2022
- Low rainfall leads to an odd and changing year for salmon, killer whales and people
- Lawsuit seeks to block Southeast Alaska troll fishing to increase salmon for orcas
October 2022
September 2022
- Killer whale census shows another down year, with three deaths and two births
- Add-on structure will begin to address steelhead crisis at the Hood Canal Bridge
August 2022
July 2022
- New orca calf confirmed amid serious health concerns and actions to protect the whales
- Green crabs in Hood Canal raise questions about invasion; further response is coming
June 2022
May 2022
February 2022
- Governor’s renewed salmon strategy faces decisive period in the current Legislature
- North Pacific expedition gets underway aboard four ocean-going research ships
January 2022
December 2021
- Ecology, EPA now under the gun to adopt new water quality criteria for aquatic creatures
- Understanding the cold-water needs of salmon and helping them to survive
November 2021
- Recovery of Puget Sound species could hinge on better understanding of ecosystems
- Puget Sound fish and wildlife populations fall short of 10-year recovery goals
October 2021
September 2021
- Orca census shows some improvement, but many whales still die before their time
- Plunging into a jungle of weather statistics to find the footprints of climate change
August 2021
July 2021
- Can biologists estimate the massive loss of shellfish caused by low tides, high temps?
- Young orcas appear to develop friendships, not unlike primates — including humans
June 2021
- Puget Sound Partnership takes closer look at human well-being and environmental justice
- Voluntary removal of BPA from food cans leaves state regulators with a key decision
May 2021
- Mercer Island student honored in national art contest for her painting of Arctic char
- As in a pandemic, the battle against invasive species may well depend on early actions
- A mile of shellfish beach near Hoodsport has been declared safe for harvesting
April 2021
- Rep. Derek Kilmer expresses optimism about future funding for Puget Sound recovery
- State agencies will focus on improving environmental justice under new law
- Environmental justice on the move: a few personal observations about change
- Washington’s Water Quality Assessment offers insights into status of pollution
March 2021
- Invasive mussel triggers widespread talks, increased coordination with pet stores
- Low-interest loans could help shoreline property owners finance improvements
- Salmon experts predict more wild coho but fewer Chinook in Puget Sound this year
February 2021
- Winding down Puget Sound’s 2020 targets, as approved shellfish acreage keeps going up
- New sewage-treatment permit would be a step to curbing nitrogen in Puget Sound
- Settlement agreement tackles water pollution caused by farming practices
January 2021
- Puget Sound Partnership proposing ‘Desired Outcomes’ for ongoing ecosystem recovery
- Repairs of bulkheads, docks and other structures now involve habitat assessment
December 2020
- Hotly debated national permit for shellfish farms could be passed to Biden administration
- New video focuses on salmon lifestyles in an ongoing series called “Tales of the Sound”
- Sunflower sea stars certified as ‘critically endangered’ by international organization
- Discovery of toxic chemical in tires spurs scientific and regulatory interest
November 2020
- Young orca calves take part in fall excursions into South Puget Sound with their mothers
- New online magazine focuses on the stories behind Puget Sound recovery efforts
- Copper is being phased out of brake pads to reduce harm to salmon, other creatures
October 2020
- Puget Sound Restoration Fund meets 10-year, 100-acre goal for restoring native oyster beds
- Controversy flares up over proposed policy revisions for state salmon hatcheries
- Minor bridge modifications could help young steelhead escape from Hood Canal
- Do we know enough to do anything about all the seals and sea lions in Puget Sound?
September 2020
- Orca census: One death in January, but no births were reported until September
- Western Washington avoids community-leveling conflagration — for now
- A look at future ocean conditions and how they could affect coastal communities
August 2020
- Does the public have a right to walk across a private beach? The answer is still unresolved
- Art contests help to carry the clean-water message to people around Puget Sound
- Safe hiking and other outdoors activities could improve mental health in pandemic
July 2020
- BPA debate rages, while state program seeks safer chemicals for many common products
- ‘Outdoors Act’ would repair national parks, protect land and address recreation needs
- Absent orcas: Most of the whales simply are not around to be counted at this time
June 2020
- State officials scramble to protect streams and wetlands in wake of federal rule
- Everything counts when helping young salmon survive their risky journey to the sea
- Funding for Puget Sound projects envisioned as part of a national stimulus package
- Hornets, crabs and rodents: setting traps to locate and contain invasive species
May 2020
- ‘Days on the Hill’ will go online this year, widening audience for Puget Sound talks
- Western Washington wildfire: What are we facing this year and beyond?
- New steelhead strategy would include increased fishing and more hatcheries
- Young artists show creativity in a plea to reduce harmful trash in the ocean
- Washington has received big money from federal wetlands grants program
April 2020
- Warm-water ‘blobs’ significantly diminish salmon, other fish populations, study says
- Earth Day events go online because of virus
- Salmon expeditions challenge old beliefs
- Time to spare? Why not conduct some real online research to advance science
March 2020
- Sewer operators worry that toilet paper shortage will lead to more nasty clogs
- Second Pacific salmon expedition gets a chance to see the effects of cooler water
- Virus related to measles could push Puget Sound orcas to extinction, study says
- Harvest managers setting this year’s salmon seasons struggle to find ways to help orcas
February 2020
- Shoreline armoring in Puget Sound gets new scrutiny from the Army Corps of Engineers
- New fishing rules increase limits on warm-water fish to indirectly help orcas
- New report describes anticipated climate-change effects in Washington state
January 2020
- Missing orca named ‘Mega’ lived a long, productive life, says Ken Balcomb
- How air pollution becomes water pollution with long-term effects on Puget Sound
- Partnership explores revised measures of Puget Sound health, as 2020 deadline arrives
- Sharing info, as changes in ocean chemistry affect Northwest waters at alarming pace
- Welcome to ‘Our Water Ways,’ a blog about Puget Sound and all things water-related